Jahrhunderts. The prophet of our laughter: Or Nietzsche as — educator?. 7[ 7], OPC, vol. Walter Kaufmann, New York 1966, §26, p.38 (KSA 5/44–5). vehemently!anti8Platonic.! Thus he is opposed to whatever we imagine the ponderous to be (that’s anything hard for us to wade through, that will—I will come back to this at the end—include both Nietzsche’s Greeks, as he read them, and Nietzsche’s Schopenhauer, as he read him). Babich, B. Fairfield, P. (2017). Thus, the reader who has trouble thinking dismisses it, designates it contradictory or as leading to this or that unreasonable, illogical, fascist/terrible consequence (to will the eternal return of the Nazis, for a common example). (2017d). This blesses what changes, including old age and death. Stegmaier, W. (2002). Rawls, Cavell, and the Politics of Culture in Nietzsche’s Schopenhauer as Educator’. Nietzsche)and)Plato)! Nietzsche as philosopher. C. Zuckert (1983) ‘Nietzsche on the Origin and Development of the Distinctively Human’, Polity, vol. (2015). 20-40. Indeed, if we take UM 3.7 and FEI 78 as guides, Nietzsche is closest to a classical liberal in his politics, though he repeatedly makes reference to the Hobbesian ‘war of all against all’, e.g. (See Brisson & Meyerstein, 1995. Nietzsche as Educator?. ‘Dreaming of the True Erotic: Nietzsche’s Socrates and the Reform of Education’, ‘Is Nietzsche a Perfectionist? The allusion for Nietzsche is to leaden type, this too recurs, in addition to Wagner, the most obvious, as an allusion to the many dwarves among philologists and philosophers as Nietzsche saw them, just as one should not forget the obstacles made by the dead weight of everything they write. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. (Ed.) Nietzsche on Freedom and Autonomy, issue 24, pp. Nietzsche, culture, and education. (Ed.) Nietzsche is in turn appropriating this Schillerian point for his theory of culture. Here what may be worth noting is that Nietzsche does not seem to choose the exemplary educator we might have chosen for him. This foregrounds all the things we condemn as Parmenidean thinkers as he writes of our opposition to becoming in Twilight of the Idols, ‘They see death, change, and age, as well as procreation and growth, as objections—refutations even’. Weeks, M. (2017). Babich, B. In the following section of Schopenhauer as Educator, Nietzsche returns to his Greeks to look at the original conditions that gave birth to philosophy and finds nothing that resembles our modern institutions of higher learning. Thus we retell ourselves to ourselves such that, on the story we tell, the wretched things we have done can be laid to someone’s else’s account, attributed, ascribed to some other cause, be it fate, destiny, God, genes, whatever. Nietzsche’s account of the moment of liberation of the human from nature is complicated in a further way - that is, Nietzsche wants to emphasize that the liberation from nature as represented by Prometheus is assisted by nature itself as represented by the ‘Titan Atlas, brother of Prometheus’ (BT 51). New Nietzsche Studies, 10(3 & 4), 137–152. (2001). 44 Nietzsche, KSA, 12, 7 [4], pp. Here, speaking of the acrimony that attends the writing of reviews, we can think of Nietzsche’s key reviewer: note that most commonly reviews tend to be written by enemies or else those with their own axes to grind. 310-64. 5, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Drochon, H. (2018). Contact us if you experience any difficulty logging in. pub. (2014). Introduction “AMONG MY WRITINGS my Zarathustra stands alone” (Innerhalb meiner Schriften steht für sich mein Zarathustra; EH preface §4; KSA 6, 259). Schiller argued that human freedom is most clearly revealed through ‘dignity’ (Würde), that is, through the conflict of our natural inclinations and our duties. Article Feature Image Acknowledgement: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nietzsche1882.jpg, Leander Penaso Marquez, Marqz Verone Vergara Olivar, Chloe Eco Brijuega, Rola Palalon Ombao, Wulmar Cerezo Cerio, Francisco Deogracias Baes. Yet it is Nietzsche himself who insists in the last book of the first edition of The Gay Science that this thought—thought in just this way—is his heaviest thought: so he titles it, and, as if to match the challenge, promptly ends the book. New York: Routledge. Nietzsche’s philosophical context: An intellectual biography. 139–145). With Giorgio Colli, Montinari was coeditor of the KSA and the first volumes of the KGW. Wagner’s Bayreuth Festival as a musical and socio-cultural phenomenon; and its first official opening was 13 August 1876 and Nietzsche was a special guest. ‘— du wirst es jedenfalls’. Hart, T. Nietzsches Wissenschaftsphilosophie. 2) The geodesic thought of the circle is evident here, but the key to the problem is the problem of the parallel postulate that shatters Euclidean geometry. Education, for Nietzsche, would be open to all, but the content ought not be lowered in order to accommodate a more general audience. ‘The Prophet of Our Laughter: Or Nietzsche — as Educator’ (O’Hara, 1981), the disjoint force of the title depends upon the thought slash — to render the German Gedankenstriche in place of what we call a ‘dash.’. Seine Philosophie der Gegensätze und die Gegensätze seiner Philosophie. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Babich, B. 69-91. ), The solution to the riddle of the crossroad of past and future, fore and aft, is the howling dog, Hecate’s dog (see Babich, 2010b, 97, cf. (KSA 12, 473). Only such a positive action can free one from what otherwise chokes, comes back continually, ressentiment, heart of the triumphant, transcendent efficacy of the reactive, slavely moraline, for most of us today. Reading the new Nietzsche. Albany: State University of New York Press. (See Babich, 2017d for a recent overview, though I have been writing about this since the Sokal year of 1996), Nor does Nietzsche fail to summarize, cui bono?, he asks, when it comes to the futures of our educational institutions: the state who institutes these institutions seeks thereby, this will be Max Weber’s point more complicatedly construed in his analysis of the ‘Protestant Ethic,’ but it is very directly Ivan Illich’s point in his Deschooling Society, ‘to further itself and it cannot conceive of a goal higher than its own welfare and continued existence’. And for Nietzsche if philosophy has fallen into disrepute or non-regard it is because it offers nothing but ‘lecture-hall wisdom and lecture-hall cautiousness’. Gordon, M. (2016). pub. 4 Ibid. For, let us recall, Nietzsche steps down from teaching after 10 years at university, the same period of time he has his Zarathustra spend on the top of his mountain before he descends, but afterwards he, Nietzsche, in his writings does little other than teach (Löw, 1984, and, again, Gordon, 1980; Thiele, 1990). (SE §7) In the following section Nietzsche points to nature’s tremendous profligacy and inefficiency, the very reason one needs care in thinking through the questions he had in the previous section listed for us. Hence a reviewer of a collection on the theme of Nietzsche, Culture, Education (Hart, 2008) pronounces what he assumes to be gospel: ‘it is not hard to reflect on what Nietzsche would have made of’ one of the contributions, ‘ponderous’, ‘demonstrating’ ‘erudition’ ‘through references to such luminaries as Pindar, Heraclitus, Hegel, and Heidegger’. 266–7. Introduction “AMONG MY WRITINGS my Zarathustra stands alone” (Innerhalb meiner Schriften steht für sich mein Zarathustra; EH preface §4; KSA 6, 259). Nietzsche, KSA 7, 165). Thus, for appearance’s sake, appointments are given ‘to those men who bear the name of philosopher and yet are patently nothing to inspire fear’. (HH II, §408). In C. K. Chapple (Ed. In particular, and this is part of the reason I have sought to argue that the book and film character of Professor Severus Snape, as played by Alan Rickman in the Harry Potter franchise was an exemplar of a teacherly kind (Babich, 2017c, cf. June-July, publication of . for further literature Babich 2010b), quite independently of Nietzsche and together with the assumption that the universe was, for example, closed or finite. Jane V. Curran and Christophe Fricker. He does use two different German terms that are often rendered as ‘culture’ in English translations - Kultur and Bildung - but Nietzsche employs these terms interchangeably, despite the venerable tradition of German theory of Bildung. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. On the idea of a ‘great enlightenment,’ see SE 5 and on ‘higher enlightenment,’ see KSA 7:32[83]. und Nietzsche Briefwechsel Kritische Gesamtausgabe, Berlin/New York, Walter de Gruyter, 1975ff., herausgegeben von Paolo D’Iorio. In citations to the published works, Arabic numerals referring to section numbers follow abbreviations of the title of the work cited. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press. Dans le même-sens, cf Gai savoir V§ 357 qui explicite les voies par lesquelles la véracités 'établit dans le cadre du christianisme, KSA 3, p. 600, 1. Gedanken aus der Landschaft Zarathustras. We welcome readers to enjoy our site and to subscribe to our newsletter and to become donors. Owen, D. (2002). Pedagogy and Other Defenses against the Dark Arts: Professor Severus Snape and Harry Potter, The Philosophical Salon: Los Angeles Review of Books, 28 December 2015. The reference to cosmology, noted via Maxwell and Lord Kelvin, matters not least as I argue (Babich, 2010c) because one may find it in Nietzsche’s own text, and scholars ought to take account of that (this is done vastly less than one would assume) but also because the mathematician Émile Poincaré offered a wonderfully stochastic proof of nothing less than the Eternal Return (cf. Please read and accept the terms and conditions and check the box to generate a sharing link. Nietzsche did not seem to have a problem with talking about eternal recurrence in terms of a circular course or repetition (Kreislauf, wiederholung; cf. Singapore: Springer. 275–298). Cooper, D. (1983). The aim is the same as in art - its very own transfiguration and redemption (Erlösung)’ Google Scholar. On this point, see D. Owen (2002) ‘Equality, Democracy, and Self-Respect: Reflections on Nietzsche’s Agonal Perfectionism’, Journal of Nietzsche Studies 113-31, who situates Nietzsche’s critique of the Enlightenment with other critics of mass society and defenders of human excellence, such as John Stuart Mill and Alexis de Tocqueville. 21, No. What do we make of the thinker Nietzsche took for his Augustinian moment (cf. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Schopenhauer by contrast with most professional professors of philosophy did not pursue philosophy as part of a university appointment. For Nietzsche’s work in German: KSA: Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm. Lambert, L. (1997). The Journal of Nietzsche Studies, 24/(1), 113–131. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 75-9. Sign in here to access free tools such as favourites and alerts, or to access personal subscriptions, If you have access to journal content via a university, library or employer, sign in here, Research off-campus without worrying about access issues. All that can be negated, all that is negation, is expelled by the very movement of the eternal return’. KSA 12:2[104] ("Bei Plato als bei einem Menschen der überreizbaren Sinnlichkeit und Schwärmerei ist der Zauber des Begriffs so groß gewesen, daß er unwillkürlich den Begriff als eine Idealform verehrte und vergötterte. The so-called "Nietzsche Renaissance" of the last two decades and the increasing prominence of intellectual currents like deconstruc-Karen L. Carr is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies at Lawrence University. Nietzsche’s demon makes this a thought experiment starring the philosopher’s familiar (again, recall Socrates’ cautionary daimon, or else Descartes’ genie malin or else Maxwell’s demon, as Lord Kelvin calls him, a ‘sorting demon’ who re-arranges—no creative claims are made—bits here and there to argue in 1867 for a potential exception to the 2nd law of thermodynamics, and thus a perpetual motion machine). W. Connolly (2002) Identity/Difference: Democratic Negotiations of Political Paradox. This is the reason Nietzsche suggests that ‘every great philosophy has hitherto been: a confession on the part of its author and kind of involuntary and unconscious memoir’. Key to this reflection in Nietzsche is that none of us do. And the circular answer is the answer given, disdainfully, if we remember, by the dwarf: ‘All truth is crooked, time itself is a circle’ (Z 3. (Ibid.) Heelan, P. A. Hoyer, 2002, also crucial or Jacob Taubes and Günther Anders), and still more globally, but going back to the same era, Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker emphasizes educational ubiquity (von Weizsäcker, 1999). 266–7. Berkeley: University of California Press. This is a point Nietzsche emphasized in his inaugural lecture, delivered upon taking his appointment at the University of Basel (Nietzsche, 2017; cf. Heidegger und Nietzsche. Gordon, H. (1980). Havenstein, M. (1921). J. Conant does not discuss this passage from UM 2.9 where Nietzsche is explicit about the inegalitarian character of his notion of ‘exemplar’. In T. Hart (Ed.). 7 See Cosima Wagner¶s letter to Nietzsche of 24 June 1870, in Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche (ed. (KSA 12:6 [25]). Babich, B. https://www.academia.edu/29024231/SCHR%C3%96DINGER_AND_INDIAN_, Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement. Thiele, L. P. (1990). PESA Agora has been set up by the Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia (PESA), a learned society with international membership that has been operating for over 50 years now and is incorporated as a non-profit charity in Australia. Q.P. (Ibid.) How would this ‘thought of thoughts’ as Nietzsche’s Zarathustra names it, change one’s life? Rowthorn, D. (2017). Berlin: de Gruyter. In ‘Schopenhauer as Educator’ we read an analysis not merely of Nietzsche’s Schopenhauer, who he was for Nietzsche, that is to say as many have looked at this issue, but also who educators are, who they serve, complete with series lists of the same, articulating answers and educational kinds. Danto, A. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. Cross-reference tool between the dubious The Will to Power and the original text of Nietzsche's notes. Cahiers du service culturel de l’ambassade de France en Inde. As reborn, your consciousness is no more connected to the consciousness of any past lives’ consciousness than your consciousness is identical with the consciousness of drinking this morning’s cup of coffee, assuming you were conscious enough to remember to have a cup of coffee to begin with. (2013). 1Le 24 octobre 1887, le jeune Privatdozent Edmund Husserl prononce à l’Université de Halle sa conférence inaugurale « Les buts et les tâches de la métaphysique » : c’est l’acte fondateur d’un travail d’enseignement et de recherche qui aboutit en 1900 à la publication des Recherches logiques. Nietzsche. Del Caro, A. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Great men, little black dresses, & the virtues of keeping one’s feet on the ground. The remedy counters ‘disgust and pallid horror’, paralyzed or frozen, with action against the biting snake: biting back. In: Yuncel (Ed. The focus on ‘the greatest possible amount of happiness and profit’ Nietzsche could have observed during his own teaching in Basel but also reading Schopenhauer, for the whom the metaphor of economics was crucial. In any case, no matter whether one is able to contain or fails to contain in one soul ‘the oldest, the newer, losses, hopes, conquests, and the victories of humanity … and crowd it into a single feeling’ (GS 4, 337), what remains significant is the long run and the highest feeling. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 42(8), 918–920. See also, among other contemporary democratic theorists, J. Tully, who defends an ideal of civic participation and excellence indebted to these 19th-cent. XII, p. 280-281; KSA, vol. What Nietzsche really said. But Nietzsche emphasizes the same again when it comes to profit: ‘What the money-makers really want when they ceaselessly demand instruction and education is in the last resort precisely money’. — Friedrich Nietzsche, KSA 12:9 [60], taken from The Will to Power, section 585, translated by Walter Kaufmann. Rivista di Estetica, 40, 105–119. (2017b). MP: An Online Feminist Journal, 3(1), 57–78. Ancient philosophy, mystery, and magic: Empedocles and the pythagorean tradition. He really was. (Z 3, Vision, §2) And Deleuze explains this selectivity, which guarantees that we will prefer his reading to any other, as it also gives us back anything the teaching of the death of god might have seemed to take away from us: ‘only what can be affirmed comes back, only joy returns. Untimely Meditations , Richard Wagner in Bayreuth. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Church (, See Aristophanes’ account of eros as a desire to become whole in Symposium 189aff. This works because selection (i.e., saying yes to one thing, it can be anything at all) also means, given necessity, that everything else is also necessary: nothing can be dispensed with: everything must be affirmed, blessed. Nietzsche details the biographical details that made Schopenhauer Schopenhauer, his mother, his father, his experience with travel and commerce as a result of his relation to the latter, his critical attitude towards the scholars and the scholarship of his day, his unwillingness to flatter or indeed to submit to the academic cartels, to put his finger on the great reason that Schopenhauer remains uninfluential as educator to this day: ‘Of all the offence Schopenhauer has given to numerous scholars, nothing has offended them more than the unfortunate fact that he does not resemble them’. Above all there are no jobs in antiquity: the philosopher is not paid. International Journal of Philosophical Studies: Vol. What returns is exactly what was: and there will be nothing different in it. The standard English translation cuts ‘heaviness’ in Das grösste Schwergewicht, perhaps as it is too ponderous to read: thus ‘the greatest weight’ is one’s own past repeated, no chance of rebirths, no heaven, no hell, the same everything already lived through, great and small, da capo, no alteration. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 3 Answers. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click on download. KSA 7, 651; KGW. Deleuze, 1986) Thereby yielding what Deleuze names the doubled selection, that is, ‘selective Being’. New Haven: Yale University Press. D. Dombowsky (2009) ‘Nietzsche as Bonapartist’, in H. W. Siemens (ed.) How much need one know to run riot as a free spirit, as Nietzsche himself suggests in Twilight of the Idols in his ‘Short History of an Illusion’? Löw, R. (1984). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Translations are my own, following wherever possible the exemplary precedent of Breazeale’s translation in his edition of Nietzsche’s Philosophy and Truth: cf. The Guardian, 8 January. Sakrale Huren und das Fetisch-Fragment. Here it is to the point to note that experts, unburdened by erudition, nota bene, not unlike Wilamowitz, have for their part accused Nietzsche of getting his Greek wrong (Babich, 2009, pp. Some society journals require you to create a personal profile, then activate your society account, You are adding the following journals to your email alerts, Did you struggle to get access to this article? Wolin, R. (2006). As noted this is the thought of death. (Ibid.) They overlook the second consecration, which, in Lemm’s words, hence overlooks Nietzsche’s account of individuals’ ‘responsibility’ to culture. And it is for such a love that we might discover Nietzsche (as educator) for our part. e.g. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. ), Bataille. Nietzsche. The year 1876 in Nietzsche’s life. F. Nietzsche (2001) Gay Science, ed. Certes, dans beaucoup de cas, la confrontation se résout en une succession lors- qu'elle est considérée dans le cadre de l'évolution philosophique de Nietzsche, dont l'organisation habituelle en trois ou cinq phases permet de marquer les bouleversements les plus notables. In this way we see, the shepherd trans- formed, transfigured: ‘surrounded with light, laughing’ a human being like no other Zarathustra had ever seen and the result is an other-human laughter: ‘Never yet on earth had a human being laughed as he laughed’. Dordrecht: Kluwer. (1991). Berlin: de Gruyter. I don't say that lightly. 1, pp. New Nietzsche Studies, 4(1 and 2), 1–33. In: K. Ansell-Pearson & A. Schrift (eds), The history of continental philosophy. If you have access to a journal via a society or association membership, please browse to your society journal, select an article to view, and follow the instructions in this box. Please check you selected the correct society from the list and entered the user name and password you use to log in to your society website. 69, 215-43, insightfully develops Nietzsche’s notion of culture in the middle-period works, yet wrongly, as I will argue, attributes to the early period works an excessive reliance on art at the expense of knowledge. (2018). Thus Zarathustra finds himself, in an almost repetition of our encounter with the demon at the end of the 1882 edition of The Gay Science ‘alone, desolate, in the most wild moonlight’. misReading Nietzsche. See R. Scruton (1998) An Intelligent Person’s Guide to Modern Culture, ch. 5 Gesetzgebung der Grösse : surtout en Grèce, constatation de Nietzsche jusqu’en 1873 ; voir dans la nouvelle édition dénommée Kritische Studienausgabe de Giorgio Colli et Mazzino Montinari, en 15 volumes, chez Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/New York, 1967-77 et 1988 : 2è éd. Get Textbooks on Google Play. One of the consequences of ponderous erudition is that it tends to weigh on both the writer and the reader. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Teachers as Absurd Heroes: Camus’ Sisyphus and the Promise of Rebellion,. 7 Abbreviations. 1867]), pp. See, further, UM 2.9 on the deadly truths that would reveal the meaninglessness of nature and hence reintroduce Silenus’ truth on a mass scale, which, in Nietzsche’s mind would lead to the ‘people perish[ing] of petty egoism, ossification and greed’. 285-292. This is the ‘dangerous perhaps’ (BGE §2), this is why we baptize our ‘convictions’, as Nietzsche calls them, our prejudices as fact or ‘truths’ (Cf. The prodigious secret of a repetition that is liberating and selecting.” (Deleuze, 2005, 91). Thus his desideratum, contrary to fact, rather than so many artists, playwrights, authors, actors in search of an audience, what if these creators were limited in number and weak to boot, but and by contrast, and as opposed to what we have in fact, what if ‘on the other hand numerous recipients of art of a stronger and more mighty species than the species of the artist: so that the effect of the work of art in relation to its cause would be a hundredfold magnification’.
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